openfoam immersed boundary ary methods may introduce numerical diffusion near boundaries, affecting the accuracy of boundary layer simulations. Force Implementation and Stability Applying forces to enforce boundary conditions requires careful calibration to avoid numerical instabilities or inaccurac R Rafael Shields Oct 11, 2025
immersed tunnels tunnels also face several challenges: Environmental Concerns Sedimentation and disturbance during dredging. Potential impacts on aquatic habitats. Technical Risks Segment sinking accuracy. Joint sealing in challenging wa M Marcia Sawayn Jr. Sep 8, 2025
